Abstract

Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is a benign renal neoplasm with the exception of the rare epithelioid variant. AML may be sporadic or may be associated with tuberous sclerosis complex or pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Risk of hemorrhage is the concern for patients with AML. Renal artery embolization (RAE) is the treatment of choice for acute hemorrhage from angiomyolipoma, and also firstline prophylactic treatment for angiomyolipomas at risk of bleeding. This article reviews the prevalence of AML, factors associated with risk of hemorrhage, and the role of RAE in treatment of these patients.

Keywords: Angiomyolipoma, renal artery embolization, renal neoplasm, acute renal bleed, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, tuberous sclerosis, post-embolization syndrome